It was on May 16, 1975, that the Indian Parliament ratified the 36th Amendment Act, which legally declared Sikkim the 22nd state of the country. This historic step sealed the end of the monarchy in Sikkim. It united the Himalayan region completely within the Indian Union when the Chogyal, the ruler of the state at the time, was deposed.
The amendment was preceded by years of political turmoil in Sikkim. The citizens had become highly discontented with the Chogyal rule, headed by Palden Thondup Namgyal, and clamored for democratic reforms. Protests and political agitations gained momentum in the early 1970s, culminating in demands for integration with India.
The big turning point arrived in April 1975, when a referendum was conducted in Sikkim. More than 97% of the people voted to end the monarchy and become an integral part of India as a full state. The referendum results indicated the strong desire of the Sikkimese to be a part of Indian democracy.
Complying with the public call, the government of India acted quickly. The 36th Amendment of the Constitution was approved by both Parliament Houses. It inserted Article 371F in the Constitution, providing special provisions for Sikkim’s integration as well as safeguarding the rights and culture of the people of Sikkim. The amendment also abolished the office of the Chogyal and brought an end to the monarchy.
Sikkim’s joining India was mostly peaceful, but not controversy-free. There were criticisms from some in the international community, such as China, but the Indian government insisted that it acted on the will of the Sikkimese people.
Prior to becoming a state, Sikkim was an Indian protectorate since 1950, with India governing its external affairs, defence, and communications. Full statehood was viewed as the natural next step in strengthening the democratic rights of Sikkim’s people.
Since its merger with India, Sikkim has grown at a fast pace in areas like tourism, education, and infrastructure. It is now an idyllic and serene state, renowned for its natural beauty, organic cultivation, and rich heritage.
The 36th Amendment and the statehood of Sikkim are significant milestones in Indian history. They speak volumes about the democratic will and peaceful integration in redefining the country’s map.
